Trombofilia e ictus

ANALES DEL SISTEMA SANITARIO DE NAVARRA

Suplemento 1

Trombofilia e ictus
Thrombophilia and stroke

M.T. Orúe

Servicio de Hematología. Hospital de Navarra. Pamplona

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

1. Thaler E, Lechmer K. Antithrombin III deficiency and thromboembolism. Clin Haematol 1981; 10: 369-390.

2. Hirsh J, Piovella F, Pini M. Congenital antithrombin III deficiency. Incidence and clinical features. Am J Med 1989; 87 (Suppl 3B) : 34S-38S.

3. Miletich J, Sherman L, Broze G. Absence of thrombosis in subjects with heterozygous protein C deficiency. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 991-994.

4. Alaart CF, Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsmas PH, Bertina RM, Briët E. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in carriers of hereditary protein C deficiency defect. Lancet 1993; 341: 134-138.

5. Koster T, Rosendaal FR, Briët E, Van der Meer FS, Colly LP, Trienekus PH et al. Protein C deficiency in a controlled series of unselected outpatients: an infrecuent but clear risk factor for venous thromboembolism. (Leiden Thrombophilic Study). Blood 1995; 85: 2756-2761.

6. Dahlbäck B. Inherited resistence to activated protein C, a major cause of venous thrombosis is due to a mutation in the factor V gene. Haemostasis 1994; 24: 139-151.

7. Bernardi F, Faioni EM, Castoldi E, Lunghi B, Castaman G, Sacchi E et al. A factor V genetic component differing from factor V R506Q contributes to the activated protein C resistence phenotype. Blood 1997; 90: 1552-1557.

8. Lunghi B, Iacoviello L, Gemmati D, Dilasio MG, Castoldi E, Pinotti M et al. Detection of new polymorphic markers in the factor V gene. Association with factor V levels in plasma. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 45-48.

9. Montes R, Zabalegui N, Ayape M, Orue MT, Paloma MJ, Páramo JA et al. Incidence of factor V Leiden and the Prothrombin variant 20210 G to A in the Navarrese patients with venous thrombosis. Fibrinolysis Proteolysis 1998; 12 (Suppl 1): 89.

10. Manten B, Westendorp RG, Koster T, Reitsma Ph, Rosendaal FR. Risk factors profiles in patients with different clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism. A focus on the factor V Leiden mutation.Thromb Haemost 1996; 76: 510-513.

11. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reirsma PH, Bertina R. A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with the elevated plasma prothrombin in levels and a increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 3698-3703.

12. Rosendaal FR, Doggen CMJ, Zivelin A, Arruda VR, Aiach M, Siscovich DS et al. Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79: 706-708.

13. De Stefano V, Chiusolo P, Paciaroni K, Casorelli I, Rossi E, Molinari M et al. Prothrombin G20210A mutant genotype is a risk for cerebrovascular ischemic disease in young patients. Blood 1998; 91: 3562-3565.

14. Palosuo T, Virtamo J, Haukka J, Taylor PR, Aho K, Puurunen M et al. High antibody levels to prothrombin imply a risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in middle-age men. A nested case-control study. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 1187-1182.

15. Verro P, Levine SR, Tietjen Ge. Cerebrovascular ischemic events with high positive anticardiolipin antibodies. Stroke 1998; 29: 2245-2253.

16. Levine SR, Salowich-Palm L, Sawaya KL, Perry M, Spencer HJ, Winkler HJ et al. IgG anticardiolipin antibody titer >40GPL and the risk of subsequent thrombo-occlusive events and death. A prospective cohort study. Stroke 1997; 28: 1660-1664.

17. Clarke R, Daly L, Robinson K, Naughten E, Cahalane S, Fowler B et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independient risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1149-1155.

18. Boushey C, Beresford S, Ommen G, Motulsky A. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. JAMA 1995; 274: 1049-1057.

19. Verhoef P, Hennekens C, Malinow MR, Kok FJ, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of plasma homocysteine and risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1994; 25: 1924-1930.

20. Malinow M, Nieto F, Szklo M, Chambless L, Bond G. Carotid arterial intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocysteine in asymptomatic adults. Circulation 1993; 87: 1107-1113.

21. Juhan-Vage I, Pyke SDM, Alessis MC, Jespersen J, Haverkate F, Thompson SG. Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 1997; 94: 442-447.

22. O'Donell J, Tuddenham EGD, Manning R, Kemball-Cook G, Jhonson D, Laffan M. High prevalence of elevated factor VIII levels in patients referred for thrombophilia screening: role of increased synthesis and relationship to the acute phase reaction. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 825-828.

23. O'Donell J, Mumford AD, Manning RA, Laffan M. Elevation of Factor VIII C in venous thromboembolism is persistent and independient of the acute phase reaction. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 10-13.

24. Ernst E, Resch KL. Fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 956-963.

25. Folsom AR, Wu KK, Sahar E, Davies CD. Association of hemostatic variables with prevalent cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis. Arterioescler Thromb 1993; 13: 1829-1836.